Unknown Successful People

Unknown Successful People

Why Open Source in Company ?

4. Your needs, your choiceWhen you're going to begin another organization and you need to make open-source programming the main thrust behind all innovation choices. Outside of it being an unfathomably respectable and good cause, what are the key information guides you require toward completely see before actualizing this technique?

The inquiry may appear to be stacked. Truth be told, each business is diverse, and the driving innovation that helps a business to succeed fluctuates. Indeed, even along these lines, there are a few universals that stand valid over the playing field. Those universals apply to open source and shut source alike. Anyway when you're considering beginning up an organization (or relocating a current organization), what do you have to consider while doing as such with open-source programming?

Lets Try few options......

1. Save Money using Open source .

This civil argument needs to at long last (and authoritatively) be put to rest. Study after study has been done- -some of which are supported studies by contributed gatherings -however the reality of the situation is both beginning and continuous expenses will be lower in the event that you pick open source. A significant number of the old studies indicated one specific thought that is, generally, no more applicable -expense connected with preparing clients. Here's the thing, 90% of what individuals do now is done inside a web program. Let's be honest, most end clients today could get by with a Chromebook and still have the capacity to accomplish their employments. Nobody needs to be prepared on the best way to utilize a web program. Moreover, if your clients must be prepared on the best way to utilize electronic programming, the stage won't make any difference.

When you add to this the huge expense you'll save money on your organization's spine (server stages and programming), the reserve funds truly begin including. Furthermore, on the server side, will be utilizing open source at any rate. You can't escape it now. Anyway, when you know deciding on CentOS or openSUSE as your server stage could spare you a huge number of dollars in authorizing expenses, why might you pick some other course? Ask any director who has worked with Linux servers, and you'll discover those servers require far less upkeep and upkeep than the contender arrangements.

2. Nothing is New ......

Consider this... endeavor level organizations are now relying upon open source. They aren't simply fiddling in different and sundry open-source ventures -they rely on upon an exhibit of open-source programming to keep them useful. We're talking lofty information, and it doesn't get any greater than that. A considerable measure of new companies who consider the open-source way accept they are an island, uncontrolled on an ocean. That couldn't possibly be more off-base. All that you are considering has been done and finished with incredible achievement. Consider organizations like Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Twitter- -all of which place the foundation of their business on open-source programming. In the event that they can do it, you can do it. Furthermore, when you're uncertain of how to continue, you just need to take after their cases. Stay aware of Google's open-source blog or Facebook's open-source ventures.

3. Headaches will lessen

At the point when working inside an exclusive biological system, one of the greatest issues that will deplete your financial plan and your profit is framework cleaning. With enough end clients, the IT office can rapidly get to be overpowered with malware and infection cleanup demands. When you utilize open-source stages, (for example, Linux), this won't be the situation. Despite the fact that there are bounty who will contend against the utilization of Linux on the desktop, envision how your main concern would feel if gainfulness was sometimes stopped by malware and infections? I'm not saying that benefit will never be put on respite, yet you'll see an enormous decrease in your stoppage recurrence. Your IT office can then concentrate on what's truly vital, for example, servers, systems, and security.

4. Your Choice, Your Selection

When you're working with restrictive frameworks, you work how you're advised to function. On the off chance that you need Windows or OS X, you utilize their interfaces and hold fast to how they manage. Despite what might be expected, on the off chance that you work with open source, you work your direction. On the off chance that you don't care for the way something acts or looks, you transform it. In the event that you don't care for the default client interface that ships with Ubuntu Linux, utilize an alternate flavor. Concerning customization and open source, there are no constraints. This is your business, and you ought to have the capacity to make the innovation comply with your needs- -not the other route around. With open source, you get that.

5. Very Few Hurdles to Overcome.

It won't be 100% smooth cruising (yet nothing is in the realm of business). In the event that you have end clients that don't work out of a web program, you may end up with document incompatibilities. Say, for instance, you have customers that send you Word or Exceed expectations archives that depend on expanded highlights. You may find that LibreOffice or Google Docs won't "decipher" those highlights with 100% precision. At the point when that happens, what do you do? You may need to make good for an Office 365 permit for that specific client. Then again, what happens in the event that you have a specific bit of exclusive programming your business relies on upon?

Here's the thing... you don't need to jump away from any confining influence source waters and never surface. There's nothing the issue with blending nature. In the event that you can't work with a specific bit of programming, then you need to make a special case. The fortunate thing about open-source programming is that it plays well with special cases. You drop a Windows machine into your system, and nothing will blast or rodent you out to the open-source police. The uplifting news is that a mind-boggling measure of end clients don't exploit the progressed highlights inside Microsoft Office that have a tendency to tear similarity with open-source arrangements.

6. Can easily Try Before You “BUY”

With each possible bit of open-source programming, you can attempt before you put either time or cash into a solitary bit of programming. Indeed, even the working framework itself! You can download an ISO picture of a Linux appropriation and run it without rolling out any improvements to your framework (called a Live Cd or USB). You could download almost every Linux dissemination accessible, attempt all of them out, and settle on your decision in light of that process- -all without needing to introduce a solitary stage. Also, with most open-source online arrangements, (for example, HRM, CRM, and CMS devices), there are demos to attempt or even virtual pictures you can start up in VirtualBox (once more, without needing to introduce said instruments). An awesome spot to discover virtual machines to test is Turnkey Linux. Turnkey permits you to effectively test frameworks, for example, GitLab, Light Stack, SugarCRM, ownCloud, OrangeHRM, and a great deal more.

I anticipate, inside the following five years, there will be a great deal all the more little  to medium-sized organizations deciding on open-source arrangements on both servers and desktops. The scene is not at all like it was five years back. Open source is no more simply a testing or play area for designers or an environment for the PC "l33t." Open source is a suitable alternative for the advanced age. In case you're considering beginning an organization on an open establishment or relocating your current organization over to open-source programming, consider these musings and advance with your arrangement.

About a Website

Web Site details are very important at the time of doing providing your information. Information are in different ways like login details, private information, bank account details, credit card information and many more. . . . .Before you go ahead for providing the details.....verify the web site once using following. . . .

• just-ping.com — Use Just Ping to determine if a particular website or blog is accessible from other countries. Unlike other online ping services that have service in a couple of locations, Just Ping has 30 monitoring stations across the world including Turkey, Egypt and China. If the ping results say 100% Packet Loss, most likely the site is inaccessible from that region.
• who.is — If you like to know the contact address, email and phone number of the website owner, this free whois lookup service will help. This is a universal lookup service meaning it can simultaneously query the whois database of all popular domain registrars.
• whoishostingthis.com — Enter the URL of any website and this online service will show you the name of the company where that website is hosted. This may come handl if you need the contact information of the web hosting provider for writing aDMCA Notice or if you are looking to switch web hosts.
• popuri.us — You can use popuri to estimate the relative popularity of a website on social sites like Twitter, Google+ and Facebook. It also display the Google Pagerank of a website and the Web of Trust matrix.
• chillingeffects.org — When there’s a copyright related complaint against a website, a copy of that letter is archived in the Chilling Effects database. Anyone can query this public database to know about all the copyright infringement complaints against a particular website.
• myip.ms — MyIP.ms offers a comprehensive report of any website or I.P. Address. You get to know about the hosting provider, the physical location of a website, the IP Address change history of a website and the DNS information. Netcraft also offers similar reports.
• ewhois.com — Ewhois, short for enhanced whois lookup, will help you determine other websites of someone. It looks the whois details, the AdSense publisher ID and the Google Analytics code of websites to figure out other web domain that may belong to the same owner. See example.
• builtwith.com — Use BuiltWith to know the technology stack of any website. It helps you figure out the mail service provider of a domain, the advertising partners, the tracking widgets that are installed on a website and whether the site is using any CDN like Amazon S3 or Google Cloud. See example.
• semrush.com — If you wish to analyze your competitor’s website, this is tool to go with. SEMrush will help you figure what organic keywords are people using to find a website, what is the site’s traffic and which are the competing websites. See example.
• whatsmydns.net — When you buy a new domain or switch from one host to another, the DNS records for the domain change and it may take a while to propagate these changes worldwide. WhatsMyDNS check your DNS records from various locations and it can check your domain’s A, CNAME and MX records.
• modern.ie — This online app will help test your website’s compatibility with various web browsers and detects coding errors that might cause problems. The site is integrated with BrowserStack so you can quickly know how your site looks on different devices and browsers.
• developers.google.com — Find the Page Speed score of any website on both desktop and mobile devices. The higher this number, the better. The Google tool also offers suggestion on how the score can be improved.
• ctrlq.org/sandbox — – The AdSense sandbox solves two problems – it shows the various advertisers that are targeting a website and it will also help you figure out if a particular web domain is banned in the AdSense network or not.
• httparchive.org — The HTTP Archive is a repository of all performance related metrics for a website. It keeps a record of the size of pages, their average load time and the number of failed requests (missing resources) over time. See example.

Courtesy : http://www.labnol.org/

Happy Birthday to Apple (Macintosh)

On Jan. 24 Apple Macintosh will turns 30 years old.

Over the years, the popular computer has been molded into many shapes and sizes, constantly in redesign mode. Championed by the revolutionary Steve Jobs, Mac computers have risen to the top of the food chain, one of Apple’s many landmark achievements. These days, most Mac computers are sleek and slender, sporting a crisp display and a variety of different size options.

Let`s see the remarkable evolution of the personal computer.

1. Lisa – In 1983, Apple debuted its first model, the Apple Lisa. The computer took more than three years to make, and around $50 million to develop. Named after Steve Jobs’ daughter, the computer was quite pricey, clicking in at nearly $10,000 (about $25,000 by today’s standards). The high price tag repelled most consumers, and the computer sold poorly.
Though not technically a Mac, the Lisa nonetheless influenced the first Macintosh, which Jobs debuted on Jan. 24, 1984.
2. Macintosh XL – In order to ramp up Lisa sales, Apple redesigned the model in 1985, renamed it the Macintosh XL and lowered the price to $3,495.

3. Macintosh 128K - Introduced in 1984, the 128 model was the first true Macintosh personal computer, and retailed for about $2,495. With its 9-inch screen, 128K of RAM and “easy to use” accessibility, the Mac was off to a robust start.

4. Macintosh 512K - Released right after the 128, the 512 was virtually the same, but had four times more memory.

5. Macintosh Plus - Enter 1986, when the Macintosh Plus emerges into the market. It had 1MB of RAM and cost about $2,599. It also came with an SCSI port, which meant users could install external hard drives.

6. Macintosh Portable - The first battery-powered Mac creation entered the arena in 1989. It was considered fast for its time, operating at 16 MHz. Though it was quick, the Portable sold poorly and weighed nearly 16 pounds.

7. Powerbook – The Powerbook came out a few years later, in 1991, and was Apple’s first true portable computer, thanks to its lightness. The floppy disk drive was a separate, external entity. The line had staying power, continuing until 2006.

8. iMac – The iMac debuted in 1998 and was one of Apple’s first big projects after anointing Steve Jobs its CEO. Translucent and brightly colored, the iMac was a stylish step above its predecessors, and did away with floppy disk drives, opting instead for USB ports.

9. iMac G4 - The iMac G4 marveled tech lovers with its flexibility and flattened shape. Because of its thin neck, the screen could be pulled forward and swiveled around. The 2002 creation literally had audiences gasping during Steve Jobs’ keynote.

10. MacBook - Apple trotted out the new MacBook in 2006, noted for its built in “iSight” webcam, crisp and glossy LCD screen and integrated keyboard.

11. MacBook Air - The holy grail of modern day MacBooks, the Air is Apple’s sleekest invention, touted as the world’s thinnest notebook (due in part to the removal of the CD/DVD drive). Jobs unveiled it in 2008, and the line has continued to pump out redesigned and updated models. The original had an 80GB hard drive and bright LED backlighting.

12. iMac today - Thinner and larger than past models, the modern iMac features a slender screen and a detached keyboard and mouse. The most recent 27-inch version sports a lighting-fast Intel processor and Fusion Drive data storage, which combines a traditional hard drive with Flash storage.

Source: http://mashable.com/

30 Cool Open Source Software I Discovered in 2013

#1 Replicant - Fully free Android distribution

Replicant is entirely free and open source distributions of Android on several devices including both phones and tablets. I have installed it on an older Nexus S. You can install apps from F-Droid store a GPLv2 client app that comes configured with a repository hosting only free as in freedom applications.

#2: Miro video converter

This is an open source, cross-platform application to convert videos from and to various formats, including formats suitable for devices such as Android/iOS phones. It is simple and easy to use software to convert almost any video to MP4, WebM (vp8), Ogg Theoraformat. Miro Video Converter is based on FFMPEG and act as a front end to FFMPEG command line tools.

#3 OwnCloud - Dropbox alternative for cloud storage service

I was looking for an alternative to Dropbox to run cloud on my own server at home and office. This software is open source software, and it is self hosted. I don't have to trust third party with my data. I found this software easy to install and quite useful. I started to use it for syncing files and other data. I have been using for couple of months and it has been proven reliable alternative to Dropbox. There are clients available for MS-Windows, OS X, Linux, and mobile apps for iOS and Android devices (or simply access data using the ownCloud web frontend).

#4 Docker - FreeBSD like container+API for Linux

The FreeBSD jail provides an operating system-level virtualization partition a FreeBSD-based serve into several independent mini-systems. You can do the same with Linux using OpenVZ. Linux Containers (LXC) is a virtualization method for running multiple isolated Linux systems. Docker extends LXC. It uses LXC, cgroups, Linux kernel and other parts to automate the deployment of applications inside software containers. It comes with API to runs processes in isolation. With docker I can pack WordPress (or any other app written in Python/Ruby/Php & friends) and its dependencies in a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient container. I can deploy and test such container on any Linux based server.

#5 Adminer - A lightweight and full-featured database management tool

Adminer is a full-featured database management tool written in PHP. Conversely to phpMyAdmin, it consists of a single file ready to deploy to the target server. Adminer is available for MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MS SQL and Oracle. I usually install this for clients who are new to PostgreSQL/MySQL. The software acts as a drop-in-replacement for phpMyAdmin with a better user interface, better support for MySQL features, higher performance and more security.

#6 MariaDB - Drop-in replacement for Oracle MySQL server

MariaDB is a community-developed fork of the MySQL server. MariaDB is going to be default in many popular Linux distro and open source project. Red Hat will switch the default database in its enterprise distribution, RHEL (including its clones such as CentOS), from MySQL to MariaDB, when version 7 is released in 2014. I started testing MariaDB and found no problems at all. The speed is same or better in some cases.

#7 RackTables - Manage your data center assets like a pro

I wish I discovered RackTables earlier. It is is a datacenter asset management system. With this software one can document hardware assets (such as server, workstations, routers, switches and more), network addresses, space in racks, networks configuration and more:

1. List of all devices, racks, and enclosures you've got
2. Mount the devices into the racks
3. Maintain physical ports of the devices and links between them
4. Manage IP addresses, assign them to the devices and group them into networks
5. Document your NAT rules, describe your loadbalancing policy and store loadbalancing configuration
6. Attach files to various objects in the system
7. Create users, assign permissions and allow or deny any actions they can do

#8 Apache Cordova - Create smartphone app just with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Apache Cordova is a free and open source framework that allows you to create mobile apps using standardized web APIs. You can create apps that work on iOS, Andriod, BlackBerry, Windows, Ubuntu and other phone based operating systems. You write code once and run on selected mobile platforms with little or no change at all. PhoneGap uses Apache Cordova.

#9 Angry IP scanner - ipscan tool

Nmap is an open source security tool for network exploration, security scanning and auditing. ipscan (Angry IP Scanner) is an alternative to nmap command. It is also an open-source and cross-platform network scanner designed to be fast and simple to use. It scans IP addresses and ports as well as has many other features.

#10 Jekyll - Create simple static blog

Drupal, Typo3, WordPress and many other content management system (CMS)/blogging software dynamically create feature rich content. However, you may not need all the all features and complexity offered by modern CMS based systems. For example, a WordPress based blog like nixCraft requires multiple VMs, CDN for static assets, caching engine such as memcached, PHP, mysql database, comment moderation, and on going updates. A growing trend is to keep your blog simple by avoiding CMS and use static HTML generators that offers the following benefits:

• No more complex setups i.e. no databases/php/caching engines required.
• No more comment moderation.
• Pesky updates.
• Static files are more secure.
• Easy to scale or cache on edge/CDN nodes.
• Provides all the blog-aware visual bells and whistles such as categories, pages, posts, Permalinks, and custom layouts.

#11 TurnKey Linux - Deploy open source apps on VM or the clouds

You can setup a open source software such as WordPress, Drupal, ZenCart, and over 100+ other software easily with TurnKey Linux. It is a virtual appliance library that integrates and polishes the very best open source software into ready to use solutions. Each virtual appliance is optimized for ease of use and can be deployed in just a few minutes on bare metal, a virtual machine and in the cloud/in physical server. TurnKey Linux is based on Debian 7.2 with automatic security updates for all packages. It also includes a web management interface, web shell, and simple configuration console. I often use this to deploy development server in the cloud.

#12 DokuWiki - Create a personal wiki

DokuWiki is a simple to use and highly versatile open source wiki software that doesn't require a database. Easy to install on Linux or Unix-like operating systems with the following features:

1. Ease of use and low system requirements.
2. Built-in access control lists.
3. Customization using large variety of extensions, plugins, and templates.

I use this on my laptop to keep notes about various projects.

#13 MediaGoblin - An alterative to Youtube/Flickr/Soundcloud

GNU MediaGoblin is free software, decentralized media publishing platform. You can host and share videos, music, and images using MediaGoblin. It is an alternative to major media-publishing services such as Flickr, deviantArt, YouTube, Soundcloud, etc. It is written in Python and SQL.

#14: Scrollout F1 - Create email firewall gateway

Scrollout F1 is easy to use and setup email firewall gateway system. It includes anti-spam and anti-virus protection for Microsoft Exchange, Postfix, Exim, Sendmail, Qmail and others. It runs on Debian and Ubuntu Linux operating systems. This is perfect software for filtering incoming messages and other features are as follows:

1. TLS/SSL encryption with Perfect Forward Secrecy for SMTP & HTTPS
2. Virus scanning and different Quarantine per domain
3. Tagging and blocking SPAM at domain level
4. Geographic filtering for Sender IP, Server IP, URL IP and TLDs
5. Verifies incoming emails for DKIM and signs outgoing emails (2048 bits RSA)
6. Protection against fake messages that appear to come from your domain or from yourself
7. Protection against executable files, malicious content, scripts and more
8. Protection against forged domains like (fake) yahoo.com, gmail.com etc.
9. Whitelist and Blacklist
10. Simple web interface for management

#15 Observium - Network observation and monitoring system

Observium is free and open source software written in PHP/MySQL. It collects data from devices using SNMP and presents it via a web interface. It includes support for a wide range of network hardware and operating systems including Cisco, Windows, Linux, HP, Dell, FreeBSD, Juniper, Brocade, Netscaler, NetApp and many more. I use this software along with Nagiosto get better understanding of certain devices and technologies. It provides historical and current performance statistics, configuration visualization and syslog capture.

#16 SimpleInvoices

It is a web based invoicing system. It helps me to create quick and nice looking invoices without having to set up too much services on server. All you have to do is install the SimpleInvoices software, enter a biller, a customer details and go creating invoices. You can easily track your finances; send invoices as PDF's and more. It is the best invoicing set up for my independent IT consultancy business.

#17 FileZilla - sftp/ftp client for noobs

This is a perfect open-source FTP, FTP over SSL/TLS (FTPS) and SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) client for Windows, Mac OS X and GNU/Linux. It has the following features that new users might find useful:

1. Drag & drop support
2. Tabbed user interface
3. File transfer queue and bookmarks
4. Remote file editing and remote file search
5. SOCKS5 and FTP-Proxy support

#18 WinSCP - Easily transfer file using scp

It is an open source free SFTP client and FTP client for Windows. Its main function is the secure file transfer between local and server under your control. Most new MS-Windows user find WinSCP an easier to use as compare to putty and friends.

#19 XAMPP - Easily write and test Apache+MySQL+PHP/Perl apps on desktop

I give this software to many developers. They can easily setup Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl to deploy and write an application on their own desktop. No need to install virtual machine and Linux server. Just focus on development and skip real server management job to pros.

#20 Abiword - A nice little word processor

Many users only use 2% of the features of a program like Microsoft Word. No need to spend money or time on Microsoft Word. I personally use Abiword due to:

1. Easy to use and not bloated as OO.org.
2. Small size word processor i.e. it loads very fast on my old computer.
3. I can read and write OpenOffice.org documents, Microsoft Word documents, WordPerfect documents, Rich Text Format documents, HTML web pages and more.
4. Abiword is tightly integrated with the AbiCollab.net web service, which lets you store documents online, allows easy document sharing with your friends, and performs format conversions on the fly.

#21 {less}: The dynamic stylesheet language

LESS extends CSS with dynamic behavior such as variables, mixins, operations and functions. LESS can run on the client-side and server-side or can be compiled into plain CSS.

#22 Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a GTK+ based desktop environment and a fork of the GNOME Shell. It was initially developed by Linux Mint. It offers a user interface with the following features that I needed most:

1. A movable panel equipped with a main menu, launchers, a window list and the system tray
2. Various extensions and applets
3. Cinnamon makes GNOME3 a useful desktop

#23 Tmux

Tmux is terminal multiplexers for Unix-like platforms. tmux offers several advantages over GNU/screen:

1. Vi or emacs key layouts
2. Multiple paste options
3. Secure code base
4. An option to limit the window size and more.

#24 Artica - Full SMTP/Mail/Proxy server Appliance in 10 minutes

It is a simple and straightforward software that offers the following features:

1. Proxy server Appliance
2. SMTP server Appliances
3. Mail server Appliances
4. NAS server Appliance
5. Web based management

#25 Zentyal small business server

Zentyal is a full-featured Linux server for small and medium businesses that you can set up in less than 30 minutes. It is a drop-in replacement for Microsoft Small Business Server and Microsoft Exchange Server. It is easy to use software. Zentyal is based on Ubuntu and it can be installed either from Ubuntu repositories or from Zentyal's own installer.

#26 Ack-grep - a source code search tool for programmers

ack-grep is a grep like tool, optimized for programmers. This tool isn't aimed to "search all text files". It is specifically created to search source code trees, not trees of text files. It searches entire trees by default while ignoring Subversion, Git and other VCS directories and other files that aren't your source code.

#27 ditaa - DIagrams Through Ascii Art

ditaa is a small command-line utility, that can convert diagrams drawn using ascii art, into proper bitmap graphics. I use this tool all the time to draw diagrams and forwarding them via email or chat session.

#28 GNU parallel

GNU parallel is a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel using one or more computers. If you like xargs command, try GNU/parallel utility. It can run command/script/job on all available CPU's or on multiple computers.

#29 luckyBackup data back-up and synchronization tool

luckyBackup is an application for data back-up and synchronization powered by the rsync tool. It is simple to use, fast, safe, reliable and fully customizable backup software. I often set and recommend this too for new Ubuntu/Fedora desktop users to backup their own files.

#30 OpenShot video editor

OpenShot Video Editor is a free and open-source non-linear video editing software package for Linux. I use this tool to create videos for my youtube channel. It is a stable, free, and friendly to use video editor on Linux.

Project (UG/PG) Tips

Important tips for selecting project / dissertation topics. (UG PG)

Few Questions from the students at the time of selecting project title or dissertation topics.

Q : Sir can you assign the definition or project ?

A : Dear Students, you should ask faculties to provide areas where current research is going on. You should ask faculties for optimizing your title or optimizing your problem statement. If they provide the title or problem statement – it is of his/her choice. Do you think you can work on that?

Q : Should the definition be complicated or simple ?

A : What I suggest is, if the research / judge panel is not able to understand your definition, they will ask more about your project. It should be self-explanatory, such that there must be clear idea of your project title or definition. And definition must concentrate on your work, it must not cover all the area.

Q : Which area/field is suitable for me ?

A : You must go ahead with the area / field of your interest. To identify you should select few areas, check the current trends in that area, divide it in small areas and give priority and finally you are done with the selection of areas/field of research.

Q : How to start working on that definition / project ?

A : After selection your area / field of interest, search for the suitable simulator. Does that simulator is suitable for your area/field. Does it give you appropriate simulation / result at the end of your dissertation. IF the answer of all above questions are YES. Go ahead with that simulation.

Q : How to learn the simulator ?

A : During your project / dissertation work, you are supposed to learn simulator by your own. Start searching internet and read forums and contact SIG (Special Interest Group) and learn it. There are many simulators in the world, all are not known to everyone. As well in each simulator, it is very difficult to know everything by a single person.

Q: When to start learning simulator ?

A: From the first Day of your project. Without finalizing the definition it is very difficult to choose simulator, but it your interest and passion. If you keep all the points in your mind and work parallel, it will surely help you out.

Q : Protocol design/modification ? (Specially for PG Students)

A : Scientist also took lot of years to design protocol for a particular purpose, how can you in a short time (Less than a Year) can create new protocol. You can only modify some of the part of the protocol or with the combination of different parameters, you can suggest few new options for optimization.

Q : Which protocol to select ? (Specially for PG Students)

A : It is totally depend on your need. For what purpose you are doing it. Don’t select the protocol because it is very simple and supporting documents are available on internet. If you search appropriate all the documents are available on internet.

Feel free to drop your comments and questions. also you can drop mail on chiragkgohel.tech@gmail.com

Happy 67th Independence Day....

Visualize the Indian 67th Independence Day.

drop your pics which you feel extra ordinary for today's Celebration.......please drop at genxsolutionpoint@gmail.com

Internet with Digits

Happy 40th B'Day to Ethernet

We take for granted how computers in the workplace are all connected together. Sharing files with coworkers, sending documents to a network printer, and accessing data from a networked server are all routine procedures thanks to the invention of Ethernet technology. On Ethernet’s 40th anniversary, the IEEE History Center shares excerpts from the oral history interview it conducted with Ethernet’s co-inventor Robert Metcalfe in February 2004.

The technology’s genesis dates to 1973, when Xerox PARC, in Palo Alto, Calif., built the Alto personal computer. Robert Metcalfe—who was working there at the time and finishing his Ph.D. dissertation for Harvard—was assigned to design a network for the machine as well as a card that could be plugged into it to enable communication with the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the world's first operational packet-switching network and the precursor to the Internet. Xerox PARC was also building a laser printer that could print 500 dots per inch at a speed of one page per minute. The hope was to use it as a central printer for all of Xerox PARC’s personal computers. Hundreds of computers had to be connected.

“If you do the math on that printer,” Metcalfe explained in his interview with the IEEE History Center, “that was a lot of bits per second…500 times 500, times 8.5, times 11, per minute…that’s a big number. RS-232 was then the standard for interconnecting terminals, and it frequently ran below 19.2 kilobits per second. It was not even close to what was needed.”

To keep the printer busy, the PARC network had to run in megabits, not kilobits, per second. On 22 May 1973, Metcalfe distributed a memo describing the high-speed local network he had in mind. He called it the EtherNet, which was soon rewritten asEthernet. In June, Metcalfe teamed with David Boggs, another PARC employee and an experienced amateur radio operator, to build the network. The similarities between amateur radio—where multiple transmitters use the same frequency and have developed an etiquette for not interfering with each other—and a network of computer terminals communicating over the same wires, made Boggs’s experience particularly valuable.

WHAT MADE IT WORK

Ethernet was not the first attempt to build what would come to be called a local-area network, or LAN. (The acronym LAN would not even come into use for about eight years.) Metcalfe was influenced by the ALOHAnet, which relied on radio to connect computer users in the Hawaiian Islands—it was the first public demonstration of a wireless packet data network. Norm Abramson, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Hawaii and the director of ALOHAnet, wrote a paper evaluating it. After Metcalfe read Abramson’s paper, he rethought ALOHAnet’s traffic model, which assumed that if two packets of information collided, the users would keep typing and resending packets in the absence of an acknowledgment having been received. The assumption was that if two terminals sent packets at the same time and they interfered with each other, they would each try again but not at the same time.

Metcalfe believed, however, that users who did not receive an acknowledgment were more likely to stop typing and would wait before transmitting again. Thus the packet traffic would decrease, resulting in fewer collisions. With fewer collisions, more of the data would be able to get through. This is the same principle as a traffic jam on a highway: There may be a lot of cars on the road, but no one is getting anywhere. When there are fewer cars on the highway, they are moving, and more of them reach their destinations. With Ethernet, as with any network, the idea is to fill the communication channel with the most traffic that can still move efficiently.

For Ethernet networks, Metcalfe designed a “back-off algorithm” to control the retry time and thus the traffic volume. When the network saw light traffic, it would randomize the retry time over a short interval. But as the traffic load increased, the terminals would take more time before resending. A collision would be evidence that a channel was busier than anticipated, and so the retry time would be lengthened. This insight made Ethernet hugely more efficient. Fewer people were typing, and so a higher percentage of data packets were able to get through. Collision detection made Ethernet different and made it fast.

Metcalfe and his colleagues chose coaxial cable for Ethernet’s physical pathways because they wanted to be able to add or subtract nodes without bringing the network down. They also wanted to be able to insert nodes without cutting wires. David Liddle, who worked down the hall from Metcalfe and Boggs, pointed out something called a cable television tap. This allows tapping into a coaxial cable without cutting it. Ethernet was designed to be media-independent, however. By using the word ether in its name, the PARC people alluded to the possibility that Ethernet could be based on coaxial, twisted-pair or optical fiber wiring and, eventually, on Wi-Fi. Another important operating principle for Ethernet was that it would be vastly distributed; there would be no central control.

“In 1973, the Internet [which at that time was basically the ARPANET] on a good day ran at 50 kb/s,” Metcalfe reflected in his oral history. “Ethernet ran at 2.94 megabits per second.” Over the years, people urged Metcalfe to round the number up to 3. He always resisted, as a matter of emphasis: If one rounds 2.94 Mb to 3 Mb, the rounding error is more than 50 kb/s. “Ethernet’s round-off error was bigger than Internet,” said Metcafe. “That’s how fast Ethernet was running.”

Xerox filed for a patent application for Ethernet on 31 March 1975, listing Robert Metcalfe, David Boggs, Chuck Thacker, and Butler Lampson as its inventors. U.S. Patent No. 4063220, “Multipoint data communication system (with collision detection),” was issued on 13 December 1977.

For his work on Ethernet, Metcalfe was awarded the 1988 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal and was the recipient of the 1996 IEEE Medal of Honor, IEEE’s highest award.

Learn more about the technologies that IEEE 802.3 “Standard for Ethernet” has helped enabled by visiting the IEEE Standards Association website. It includes a video of a conversation with Metcalfe, an “Ask Me Anything” session with him on Reddit, and a list of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet milestones.

http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-focus/technology-history/ethernet-turns-40

Check the Current Location of Indian Trains on Google Map

The Indian Railways has just launched RailRadar, a useful website that shows the current geographical location of any train on a Google Map.

To get started, you can zoom-in to any location /city on the map to see all the trains which are arriving at the station or have just departed. Or you can use expand the left sidebar to search trains by name, by train number or by the station name.

If you click a particular train, the map will also show the exact route of the train including all the stops and the current location of the train. The train markers highlighted in blue indicate trains that are running on time while the red markers indicate trains that are delayed or behind schedule.

Send SMS From Gmail For Free In India And Internationally

Chat feature in Gmail is capable of doing more than instant messaging or text chat. You probably know about video conferencing and voice calls from Gmail but now it went one step ahead and brought Free SMS in Gmail. You can send message in SMS via Gmail to your contacts from any country even when they are offline.

SMS in Gmail isn’t exactly new feature. I mean some of you may have already enabled it from Labs but used to get an error that mobile carriers is not supported. But now, Gmail welcomes you with “Free SMS in Gmail” pop up giving the list of mobile networks supported in India and 50 other countries.

In India, it supports Aircel, IDEA, Loop Mobile, MTS, Reliance, Tata DoCoMo, Tata Indicom, Vodafone (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Gujarat, A.P, Bihar, W.B. & A & N, Assam, N.E. circles only). I am still wondering why the giants like Airtel and BSNL aren’t in the list.

How To Send SMS From Gmail

There are two ways to send SMS from Gmail:

1. Enter the phone number in the text box which reads “Search, chat..” and Gmail offers an option to send SMS to that number. You may have to assign a contact to that number before sending.
   
2. If phone number is already associated with any contact. This is generally seen in the Google accounts associated with Android phones where contacts have phone numbers. In this case, open the chat window and click on More on upper-right corner of chat box and click “Send SMS”.
   

1. 50 SMS Credits or 50 SMS are free initially in every account. After that, you will have to buy credits.
2. If you send a reply message, your SMS credit is increased by five.
3. Each account has unique phone number.
4. If you receive SMS from someone, you can reply to that number and person will receive that message in conversation.
5. Person from any country can send Free SMS to any country from Gmail. (check the supported mobile operators)
6. If you receive an unwanted SMS message from Gmail Chat, you can block future messages from the sender. Just reply to the message with the word ‘BLOCK’.

SMS From Gmail on Phone

This is how it appears when you receive SMS from Gmail contact. Phone number is different (not related with the user). Email ID of the contact is shown in email followed by the message sent.

As you can notice, the number from which SMS is received is a general/regular number not premium one. So, sending reply to this one will charge normally.

That is indeed a nice move by Gmail but I am waiting for the day when Gmail will introduce Email alerts via SMS. That is more important because Data connection may not be available all the time and some people check mails often.